Getting Through College :: Nutrition Health Papers

Traversing College â€Å"When in question eat fruit.† That is the guidance Francesca Haller gives her little girl, Nicole, whenever Nicole is ravenous and isn’t sure what she needs. Nicole is a sophomore American Sign Language major at Northeastern University. The expectation of going to school floods young people with various considerations. Living all alone, going to class when they if it's not too much trouble remaining out as late as they need, and getting by on food the eating corridor gives or what they purchase at the supermarket. All the more spare time, or need there of, may bring understudies turning downwards towards terrible dietary patterns and lack of healthy sustenance. Turning up five minutes before class implies snatching an espresso in transit. An excessive amount of schoolwork or a major undertaking may mean avoiding a solid supper and preparing some Ramen noodles or eating on chips throughout the night. This is the place the â€Å"convenience foods† come in which are manufacturing plant made dishes or dinners that solitary should be warmed up or need only a couple of extra fixings. For understudies who will not be a piece of the generalization, or put on weight at all through their school years, skipping suppers and eating less junk food becomes possibly the most important factor. Dietary issues can torment understudies too. As per The Kellogg Report: the effect of nourishment, condition, and way of life on the wellbeing of Americans, without the more vigilant gaze of a parent, understudies with dietary issues might be increasingly adept to go unnoticed for a more extended timeframe. Teresa Fung, an associate teacher in the Department of Nutrition at Simmons College has seen slants in school students’ dietary patterns. â€Å"They have no an ideal opportunity to eat, and sustenance isn't a need to them; subsequently, they’re not focusing on what they are eating. There is few scattered eating, yet not generally to the degree of eating disorders,† said Fung. â€Å"Also, the less-then-ideal solid method of eating is likewise mostly the consequence of not realizing that a few nourishments look sound, however they are not, and furthermore the general absence of sustenance knowledge.† Boston Nutritionist, Jenna Hollenstein, has additionally observed numerous patterns in undergrads, however said that they vary as indicated by age, sex, instruction level, and considerably more. â€Å"For model, the ‘freshman 15’ is a truly known wonder however the propensity for recently wedded ladies and men to put on weight is lesser known. Youthful grown-ups not living with guardians or older folks will in general eat less products of the soil and are additionally prone to eat higher-fat diets,† Hollenstein said.

Reflection in Gynaecology Emergency Care Case Study

Appearance in Gynecology Emergency Care - Case Study Example Appearance in nursing is inside the setting of training (Burns and Bulman, 2000). Burton (2000) states intelligent practice is intended to bring up more issues as strings that may stretch out into future however on lived encounters (Burton, 2000). Cotton (2001) considered it a procedure of dynamic advancement to analyze fittingness of activity (Cotton, 2001). Johns (2007: 8) states reflection to be a scholarly exertion with respect to the experts that fuses thinking, feeling, and activity that basically emerge from training (Johns, 2007: 8). Accordingly investigation of self through reflection on encounters would create mindfulness and capacity to assess activities. McKenna (1999) expressed that philosophical suppositions fill in as settings all things considered (McKenna, 1999). Teekman (2000) composed reflection to be a framework planned for activities dependent on reasoning in nursing (Teekman, 2000). Significant learning can happen inside clinical nursing practice, frequently utilizing reflection as the key technique. Reflection offers an open door for professionals to edify the fundamental idea of the consideration (Fejes, 2008). This intelligent record is about an occurrence on my position in the gynecology unit in a NHS Hospital. ... This intelligent practice would likewise assist me with identifying my quality regions and shortcomings in skill, so I can see better the significance of keeping up and creating proficient fitness. Depiction Molly is a 23-year-old wedded woman admitted to the Gynecology ward from the Emergency Unit with the determination of serious left sided lower stomach torment, queasiness, and shortcoming and swooning suspected to be left sided tubal ectopic pregnancy. Molly had a previous history of pelvic provocative illness following an incited fetus removal a half year prior. She had missed a period which is fourteen days past due, and two days back, she had only a slight spotting. Her issues of stomach inconvenience began yesterday which she terms as ambiguous irritation on the left lower midsection. Today this obscure distress was supplanted by sharp, colicky torment in the left lower midsection joined by vaginal spotting. In the Emergency Room, a fundamental sign record uncovered tachycardia and a low circulatory strain. She had shown some air hunger, and the crisis office doctor recognized cyanosis and began her on veil ventilation on 100% oxygen (Edwards, 1997). An intravenous liquid imbueme nt was begun, and a FBC attracted uncovered extreme iron deficiency the scope of 7 g percent (Adam and Osbourne, 2005). At the point when the patient balanced out in the crisis room, a ultrasonography uncovered an ectopic pregnancy in the left utero-ovarian cylinder with up and coming burst. She was promptly admitted to the inpatient Gynecology ward where crisis the board was begun and a significant degree of care was conveyed by me under direction of my tutor. While the patient was chosen to be set up for a crisis medical procedure, I needed to screen her essential signs,

The Best Genre-Bending Nonfiction of 2017

The Best Genre-Bending Nonfiction of 2017 Innovative, genre-bending nonfiction is my favorite kind of book to read (so much so that I wrote a list of 100 must-read books that mess around with genre in fun ways). These books often have memoir or personal essay as a main element, but they dont have to. They also cover history, current events, philosophy, sociology, poetry, biography, criticism, and more. 2017 had some excellent examples, and here are a few of them: Mean by Myriam Gurba Mean is a memoir, but its a unique one: its poetic, forceful, angry, and, yes, a little bit mean, in the best way possible. Gurba writes about her experiences growing up in a California town as a mixed-race queer girl and young woman. She opens with an account of the sexual assault and murder of a girl from her town that haunts her and haunts the entire book. She takes us deep into her thoughts and experiences but also through what it is like to grow up vulnerable in a culture that doesnt value your existence. Its one of the most moving and inventive memoirs Ive read in a long time. 300 Arguments by Sarah Manguso Manguso is a poet and has also made a name for herself as a nonfiction writer with books such as Two Kinds of Decay and Ongoingness: The End of a Diary. In 300 Arguments, she takes up the aphorism as her form: in her hands, these are loosely-related mini-essays that ask you to slow down and ponder. Manguso can pack so much meaning and wisdom into a very short form. The book is a mix of poetry, essay, and wisdom literature. Abandon Me: Memoirs by Melissa Febos Abandon Me is a mix of essay collection and memoirâ€"call it linked essays on family, love, desire, addiction, and obsession. Febos writes about a complicated, troubled love affair that took her into some difficult places. She also writes about finding her birth father and learning about herself and her family history in the process. She grapples with her Native American heritage and the legacy of addiction she inherited from her family. Her writing is powerfulâ€"lyrical and moving. Border: A journey to the edge of Europe by Kapka Kassabova Border is part travel book, part memoir, part history, part philosophical meditation on the nature of borders. The “edge of Europe” of Kassabova’s title is the border connecting Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey. Kassabova explores the history of the area and how the people living there have fared over the centuries. She describes her childhood in the region and her recent travels through it and tells stories of the people she meets and the marvelous and terrifying landscapes she travels through. Her book is a fascinating look into what borders are and how they have shaped individual lives and how people have understood themselves and others. Bunk: The Rise of Hoaxes, Humbug, Plagiarists, Phonies, Post-Facts, and Fake news by Kevin Young Poet and nonfiction writer Kevin Young takes a look at hoaxes and fakery from the past up to the presentâ€"from P.T. Barnum to Donald Trump. In particular, he looks at the racial roots of bunkum and how American stories of race so often involve fakery: think Rachel Dolezal and how Barnum became famous by exploiting a black woman he pretended was a nursemaid to George Washington. This is the kind of brilliant nonfiction that can explain our history and help us understand how we got to the place we are in. Body Horror: Capitalism, Fear, Misogyny, Jokes by Anne Elizabeth Moore This book’s subtitle should draw you into this collection of essays on women’s bodies in our misogynistic, capitalistic world. These essays contain personal and journalistic writing and a healthy dose of humor. Topics include health and disease, farming, garment workers in Cambodia, clothing sizing systems, fashion models, and more. Its a bracing, fresh look at the relationships of global economic systems and the fates of individual people. Ars Botanica by Tim Taranto This is mixed-genre writing as its best: its made up of letters written to, as Karen Russell puts it in her blurb for the book, a phantom addressee and contains illustrations created by the author. Its nature writing, memoir, poetry, and art. Its a book about grief and endings and also about the Iowa landscape where Taranto lives. The book is beautiful and innovative and moving. Heating Cooling: 52 Micro-Memoirs by Beth Ann Fennelly Here you will find very short essay/memoirs on writing, parenting, relationships, and more. At just over 100 pages, its the perfect book for when you need something rich and thoughtful but also something that wont bog you down. You can read it in short chunks, but you also might also find it difficult to put down. Fennelly is sharp, thoughtful, entertaining, and a great writer to spend some time with.

Essay on Personal Narrative A Valuable Lesson - 508 Words

Summer vacation, and school ends for about three months, and then you have as much fun as you can, then back to school†¦ right? Well I had to go to summer school, but it wasn’t as bad as I thought it would be. Everything was going fine, I had a job after summer school, and that was going fine as well. They say that summer is supposed to be fun and exciting, and it usually is for me and my family. However in July my father started coughing up blood. My father usually doesn’t make it his top priority to go to the doctors, so he waited about four weeks until he really didn’t feel good. When dad finally went to the doctors, they told him it was a virus of some sort. My parents really didn’t go into detail about the visit. My father then went†¦show more content†¦It turned out to be the wrong specialist. My grandmother told one of her friends (who happened to be a nurse), and she suggested my dad go to pulmonary specialist. So, my father reluctant ly scheduled an appointment at Ellis Hospital. Thank god he did. After a few scans and a few blood tests, the doctors found three blood clots in my father’s body. Dad had a clot in both of his lungs, and one in his leg. The worst was yet to come. The doctors were not pleased with his blood results. He had a very low white blood cell count, and his platelet levels were low as well. They needed to find the cause. One doctor had an idea. The doctors did what is called a bone marrow extract, this is when they drill a needle into your hip, through the bone, and take out bone marrow. The results were not something I wanted to hear. I was at my grandmother’s house at the time when my father called. The doctors found cancer, Acute Leukemia, and it was traveling through my father’s entire blood stream. The weeks that followed were very difficult. My mother ended up changing her hours at work so she could visit my father in the hospital. On the weekends my mom would spend from Friday when she got home from work, to Sunday night in the hospital. I have an older brother and a younger brother; they are lazy most of the time, so the only help I got was from my grandmother. Unfortunately, my older brother wasn’t present for three weeks for certain reasons, which left my ten year oldShow MoreRelatedJournal Article by Robin D. Groce787 Words   |  4 Pageshow elementary teachers used their experiences in a storytelling inservice training to teach| | | |lessons in language arts, science, social studies, and bilingual education. Qualitative research methods were used in simultaneously | | | |collecting and analyzing data. Storytelling was found to be a valuable tool for motivating students to listen and engage in content area | | | |lessons, improve reading skills in the content areas, and as a springboard for beginning units and skill developmentRead MoreContagious : Why Things Catch On By Jonah Berger979 Words   |  4 Pages people do not just share valuable information, they carry stories, built like Trojan Horses, carrying morals and lessons under the guise of word of mouth. STEPPS provides the foundations to recreate these ideas into messages, integral to the human narrative that people cannot tell its story without it. Amazing, Jonah Berger provides stories to better understand what each mnemonic part of STEPPS can do and how purposeful and effective it can be in real world narratives. The most eye-opening andRead MoreExploring Myths and Narratives: Snow White1083 Words   |  4 Pagesloring Myths and Narratives: Snow White A very popular story from my childhood is the story of Snow White. There are several different versions of the story, from the somewhat child-appropriate Disney version to a very racy Neil Gaiman short story with the same main characters that is far more sexual than the child-oriented fairy tales. However, the basic plot line to the story remains the same. A king becomes a widower, left with a beautiful young daughter, Snow White, to raise on his own. TheyRead MoreMy First Time Making A Career Goal1516 Words   |  7 PagesJejomar Sobrepena Professor Love ENC 1101 April 25, 2015 Lesson Learned To me, this semester has gone by pretty fast and during this semester, I learned so much in this course in a short period of time. I learned how to study different methods of writing and writing in different purposes. I also learned different things just by having online discussions and most importantly, I learned how to improve my writing skills and how this course changed my perception of English and apply it in the futureRead MoreThe Love of a Woman in Paulo Coelho’s Novel The Alchemist Essay1121 Words   |  5 PagesIn Paulo Coelho’s novel The Alchemist the story of the shepherd boy Santiago and his journey to fulfill his Personal Legend unfolds from beginning to end. On his journey Santiago meets several significant male characters that play very important roles in the development of his character, his journey, and his story. There are only a few female characters in The Alchemist, as men dominate the story; however, one of these female characters also plays a ver y significant role in Santiago’s story. SantiagoRead MoreA Critical Analysis Of Lessons From The Assembly Line985 Words   |  4 PagesAndrew Braaksma’s claim in â€Å"Lessons from the Assembly Line† is that formal education is a valuable privilege. Furthermore, people who have access to it should be appreciative as there is an entire segment of people who do not/did not have such opportunities presented to them. Finally, the article challenges people in more advantaged positions – in this case, starry-eyed college students – to see worth in experiences outside of their bubble as they can be valuable as well. Braaksmas claims are correctRead MoreRhetorical Analysis : Us And Them1668 Words   |  7 Pagesultimately â€Å"tolerance.† The author published this collection of essays in 2004, when he was approximately at the developed age of 47 years old. The essay can be seen as a nostalgic reflection back to his past, to one of the many worthwhile, valuable, and subtle lessons taught to him by his mother. The author perhaps wrote this specific essay to act as a catalyst for the audience to realize the larger injustices that happen to people around the world like the level of severity in poverty that exists inRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Dumb Kids Class892 Words   |  4 PagesBowden believed otherwise. In â€Å"The Dumb Kids’ Class† he tells his unique experience in Catholic school, where he was in the dumb kids’ class and then switched into the smart class, and discovers the true differences between them. Bowden begins his narrative with a hasty generalization when he comments â€Å"[I] astonishingly, was never struck by a nun or molested by a priest† (1). Although he is saying none of this stereotypical behavior happened to him, he is still reminding the audience of the behaviorRead MorePersonal Narrative Essay Models 3252 Words   |  14 PagesPersonal Narrative Essay Models Some may not be of high literary quality, but they do show personal transformation and reflection. Others may contain inappropriate subject matter for some communities. However, they can be very useful in encouraging students to write. By choosing a suitable model, demonstrating annotation and applying the steps of the writing process, teachers can help young adults to compose effective personal narrative essays. Begin by allowing the students to review narrativeRead MoreMy Reflection Of Writing993 Words   |  4 Pagesaspects of writing that I did not get to explore while attending my high school. I appreciate that this class gave us freedom to write our stories without harsh guidelines that twisted our creativity. In the beginning half of the semester I wrote a narrative essay about a night in high school that I will never forget and a profile essay that included an interview about my advisor’s advice for freshman engineering students. The second half of the semester, I wro te an analysis essay about a politically

According To Bethel University (2011), Leadership Is An

According to Bethel University (2011), leadership is an evolving interaction between the leader, the followers, and the situation. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s leadership role in the civil rights movement represents a great leader. In addition, his leadership vividly portrays the dynamic between the leader, the followers, and the situation. While Dr. King’s dream for racial equality lacks fulfillment, interracial relations and equality have substantially improved as a direct result of Dr. King’s leadership. The qualities that made Dr. King a great leader and the impact on his followers represent the leadership process. In order to understand the importance of Dr. King’s leadership, one must examine the situation. In Dr. King’s, â€Å"I have a†¦show more content†¦The radical change Dr. King led is part of the characteristics that make up a leader and follower situation. Bethel University (2011) claims that leaders actively challenge accep ted norms, like racial injustice. Moreover, a leader views a situation broadly; therefore, adoption of a long-term approach over short-term results occurs. Dr. King’s stance against acting out in violence reflects a long-term view, thus enacting change through peaceful demonstrations. For example, Dr. King said: But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. (1963, para. 8) While violence may tempt followers, the catharsis effect will fade and unhinge long-term progress. Dr. King was a leader and visionary that knew the process of racial equality would take a strong and steadfast approach. According to Edwards, â€Å"Dr. Martin Luther King, inspired a shared vision of hope, justice, and equality† (2010, p.43). Dr. King’sShow MoreRelatedJim Davis Case962 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay analyzes the case study â€Å"Who’s in charge? (The Jim Davis Case)†. This paper has four separate sections intended to explain and define the importance of the three critical elements of leadership (the leader, the followers, the situation) in the Jim Davis case study. The first part will describe the characteristics of Jim’s situation. In addition, how those situations make it difficult for him to achieve the organization’s expectations. The second section of the paper will discuss the mistakesRead MoreThe Role Of Power And Inf luence Within Hereford National Bank1167 Words   |  5 PagesParticularly, the case study focuses on James Davis who was hired away from an investment firm by Eric Johnson, the vice president of marketing (Bethel University, 2011). With minimum experience in the banking industry and only two years removed from college, James was placed in charge of the Retirement Division (on November 2) (Bethel University, 2011). Two months later, he was jointly promoted to business development manager without any subordinates. Subsequently as a leader in the organizationRead MoreOrganizational Structure Of Southwest Tn Economic Development Council986 Words   |  4 PagesSome areas are specific to my current work environment and I recognize the effects it has on the organization; therefore, I will focus more on those areas in my final summary of this course. Organizational Structure Communication According to Bethel University, 2011, organizational structure is the organization’s design or set up for how it will function in order to meet its necessary goals and objectives. The structure of an organization may include a level of hierarchy for stakeholders, managementRead MoreMy Personal Leadership Analysis And Action Plan2457 Words   |  10 PagesThis essay assesses my personal leadership analysis and action plan. This paper has four separate components intending to provide a self-assessment, personal experiences, personal relationships, and an action plan. The first part will discuss four of my self-assessments, from this course, that will evaluate my leadership characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses. The second section of the paper will isolate personal leadership experiences that were significant in my life. Additionally, the sectionRead MoreLearning About Human Behavior And Organizational Culture, Motivation, Managing Conflict, And Negotiation1242 Words   |   5 Pagesorganizational culture as a part of their business plan. What does that look like? The person needs to consider their expectations of employees as far as inner departmental interactions, the behavior standards, and the values of the company (Bethel University, 2006). Furthermore, when a new CEO takes over the helm, it would be fitting for him/her to be like-minded to the organizational culture the corporation has been founded on; moreover a meeting with the employees to determine their approach toRead MoreLeadership Is An Art And A Science Due To The Intuitive2582 Words   |  11 PagesLeadership is an art and a science due to the intuitive adoption and scientific study of leadership. The science of leadership provides a better understanding and increases leadership abilities. Self-assessments that measure intelligence type, style of conflict, problem-solving style, and leadership style promote self-awareness, thus providing a means for self-improvement. Meanwhile, perso nal experiences are the art of leadership, were one learns leadership behavior based on behavioral and cognitiveRead MoreWho s Of Charge?1773 Words   |  8 Pageson the first floor but Jim himself. â€Å"Individuals with more open offices have much less power to control access to them. By being aware of dynamics like these, leaders can somewhat influence others’ perceptions of their power relationship† (Bethel University, 2011, p.110). The setup that Jim had made it seem that he was an equal to the other employees and even Jim did not see himself as anything but an equal to the employees on the first floor. The control that Eric Johnson showed truly made it hardRead MorePersonal Statement : Manager And Leader1265 Words   |  6 PagesManager and Leader In my personal life, I have had more disappointments and let downs from people in authority over me. They had the managerial concept, but the leadership quality was lacking. Most of my experiences were fearful driven by overpowering bosses that instilled do it or lose your job, and that everyone was replaceable. Until ten years ago I thought all bosses treated their employees this way, however, then I had a career change abruptly, it was there I met a man that would change my thoughtsRead MorePersonal Statement : Manager And Leader1595 Words   |  7 PagesManager and Leader During my personal life, I have had more disappointments and let downs from people in authority over me than I would like to admit. Theoretically, they had the managerial concept, but the leadership quality was lacking. A majority of my experiences were fearful driven by overpowering bosses that instilled, do it or lose your job, and that everyone is replaceable. Until ten years ago, I assumed all bosses treated their employees this way. However, I had a career change abruptly;Read MoreApple s Vision Statement And Mission Statement1360 Words   |  6 PagesApple Strategic Plan Leslie D. Wilkes Bethel University MOD 440 Essentials of Strategic Management Mrs. Payne June 5, 2017 Abstract Apple’s vision statement and mission statement are bases of the company’s success as one of the most valuable companies in the world. Apple value proposition is determined in part by the level of engagement consumers can achieve with their device both in terms of frequency of use and the range of features and services they access. Apple’s competitive

‘Lord of the flies’ †take it out of the classroom Free Essays

string(47) " by the Allies who had struggled against them\." The arrival of Y2K brought none of the social, environmental, or technological catastrophes predicted by the tabloids, but neither did the new millennium bring relief from the persistent impediments to free expression that characterized the twentieth century. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., reminds us that throughout most of human history, authority, â€Å"fortified by the highest religious and philosophical texts, has righteously invoked censorship to stifle expression. We will write a custom essay sample on ‘Lord of the flies’ – take it out of the classroom or any similar topic only for you Order Now † He cites the Old Testament proscription: â€Å"Tell it not in Gath, publish it not in the streets of Askelon; lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph.† Schlesinger also offers the injunction of Plato: â€Å"The poet shall compose nothing contrary to the ideas of the lawful, or just, or beautiful, or good, which are allowed in the state; nor shall he be permitted to show his compositions to any private individual until he shall have shown them to the appointed censors and the guardians of the law, and they are satisfied with them.† Introduction Lord of the Flies has been the center of controversy over the years having been resurrected from its status as a cult classic. However, in my opinion this novel represents a lot of possible socially wrong viewpoints and could be the cause for seeding violent, vulgar and anti-social thoughts in school children. It is because of this reason that I propose to restrict it from classrooms in the school system. The issue of banned books has been escalating since Guttenberg introduced the printing press in 1455. Once speech could be printed, it became a commodity, to be controlled and manipulated on the basis of religion, politics, or profit. After Pope Leo X condemned Martin Luther’s Ninety Five Theses in 1517, both Catholics and Protestants began censoring materials that they found dangerous or subversive. Religious censorship quickly led to political censorship when Luther defied the Pope, bringing an immediate response from Emperor Charles V. On May 26, 1521, the emperor issued the Edict of Worms, containing a â€Å"Law of Printing,† which prohibited the printing, sale, possession, reading, or copying of Luther’s works. However, in the United States and England, a social consensus on censorship was emerging that would be far more repressive than overt state or church power. By the 1830s, this new ideology was proclaiming the necessity for propriety, prudence, and sexual restraint. During the remainder of the nineteenth century, private virtue became public virtue, and American and British editors, publishers, writers, and librarians felt obliged to examine every book for crude language or unduly explicit or realistic portrayals of life. In her introduction to the 1984 New York Public Library exhibition on censorship, Ann Ilan Alter said that there may have been more censorship, self-imposed or otherwise, during the nineteenth century in England and the United States than during all the preceding centuries of printed literature. The twentieth century in America has seen the emergence of pressure groups that maintain an uneasy balance in the struggle to interpret our First Amendment rights. The federal government tips that balance in whatever direction the winds blow, and since 1980, those winds have been chilling. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. notes: â€Å"[T]he struggle between expression and authority is unending. The instinct to suppress discomforting ideas is rooted deep in human nature. It is rooted above all in profound human propensities to faith and fear.† Lord of the Flies – In the Spotlight Lord of the Flies focused attention on the concept of cult literature as a campus phenomenon. Time magazine called it â€Å"Lord of the Campus† and identified it as one in a series of underground literary favorites that were challenging the required reading lists of the traditional humanities curriculum. Up until William Golding’s surprise bestseller, it had been common knowledge that students were reading â€Å"unauthorized books,† especially J. D. Salinger The Catcher in the Rye, in spite of (and frequently because of) their condemnation by â€Å"the establishment.† But the existence of a serious sub-literature with an intelligent, dedicated readership flourishing in the midst of the conventional curriculum was something unprecedented on college campuses. During the twenties and thirties, the novels of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, and Thomas Wolfe had quickly been welcomed into the ranks of mainstream, respectable writers and labeled literature. While a few critics might choose to ignore these newcomers, there was nothing particularly subversive about what they wrote. Following the success of The Catcher in the Rye, however, no literary observer could be quite sure that the tastes of young readers could be trusted. After all, there were certain attitudes in Salinger that threatened the established order, and when Golding wrote Lord of the Flies, there was apprehension afoot that young readers might find Jack more interesting than Ralph-as indeed many of them did. Analysis What nervous detractors overlooked was the obvious lesson in this Golding classic: that traits like naked aggression and gratuitous cruelty, selfishness, idolatry, superstition, and a taste for violence are not restricted to any particular nationality or race but are inherent in human nature and inhabit the mentality of every human being. If there was anything subversive about this idea, it was that no longer could evil be considered peculiar to the Japanese or the German character. In fact, those who had recently fought against them had waged war with equal relish. When Golding saw the ecstasy on the faces of his fellow sailors in the North Atlantic as they returned the fire of the enemy or launched an attack he felt the shock of recognition that the beast was within us all, just waiting to break through that fragile veneer we call civilization. What he clearly intended as a reminder to his readers (after all, man’s aggressive nature was not a new philosophical position by any means) became for cult readers another weapon to use against those who argued that atrocities such as those committed by the Germans and the Japanese could never be committed by the Allies who had struggled against them. You read "‘Lord of the flies’ – take it out of the classroom" in category "Essay examples" â€Å"We† were good people who treated others with kindness and generosity and fought those who attacked us with the greatest reluctance and the utmost disdain. Even to suggest that we might enjoy the slaughter was to malign the honor and integrity of the Allied forces. Regardless of how his theme was interpreted, however, Golding’s thesis had firm mythological precedents. There are many myths underlying Lord of the Flies, but the basic description of reality is of a world inhabited by men of an evil nature restrained only by voluntary adherence to a pragmatic pact of nonaggression. Such a pact passes for civilization, but because it is maintained only through fear, it is constantly threatened by that fear. The defensive fear that keeps one man from his neighbor’s throat can also incite him to cut that throat before his own gets cut. Lord of the Flies is a case study in alienation. Gradually, with horrifying inevitability, against a backdrop of paradise, the numbers of those who remember their humanity and still cling to the threads of civilization are reduced until there is but one solitary figure left, and just before the ironic rescue, we see him–become him–as he flees his savage pursuers, the backdrop itself reflecting the degradation of those pursuers as the island of paradise burns and smokes and is reduced to char and ashes. Storyline First we see the whole group splitting and taking sides, but the balance, at least for a while, remains on the side of Ralph. Then slowly but irresistibly, Ralph’s supporters are drawn toward the charismatic Jack and his choir, until finally there are only four holding out against them: the twins, Piggy, and Ralph himself. Then the twins are captured and Piggy is killed. Ralph is alone, civilized man alone against the powers of darkness. But we are left with the awful suspicion that he remains â€Å"civilized† only because Jack must have an enemy and Ralph must be that enemy. Excluded forever from Jack’s group, Ralph encourages exaggerated sympathy because he is so terribly alone. A victim always seems somehow more civilized than his tormentors. Nevertheless, much of the power of this book derives from the fact that our sympathies can only be with Ralph and that we, therefore, can feel the vulnerability, the awful weakness, of flimsy rationality at the mercy of a world gone mad. There is no place to run, no place to hide, no exit. And rescue is only temporary and perhaps ultimately more horrible than quick and early death. Media treatment of issues about children relies heavily on such simplistic generalizations with children represented as objects of concern or as threats to adult order. The former relies on an idealized view of children as pure, innocent and vulnerable, needing protection or salvation from dangers they can neither identify nor comprehend. The latter, of children drawn innately (unless prevented) towards evil and anarchy, also has deep historical roots (Miller, 1983). It is a portrayal powerfully evoked by William Golding’s (1959) novel, Lord of the Flies. The power of this fictional work is evident in the frequency with which it is given respect and credibility in press accounts of ‘deviant’ children. It evokes an apocalyptic vision of anarchy as being inevitable should children lose the discipline and order of the adult presence. The portrayals of children as ‘innocent victims’ or ‘culpable delinquents’ are no more than alternative placements that the adult world creates into which children are located at different times, in different circumstances. The idea that children are products of nature or nurture leads to media concern as to whether child ‘deviance’ is rooted in a biological predisposition or in an environmental determinism. Children’s meanings and motivations are persistently ignored, as is the position of adults, both familial and professional, as powerful definers of deviant behavior. Consequently, much of the physical and psychological harm inflicted on children by adults is disregarded, while transgressions by children of their set role are the subject of furious condemnation. Original sin is what Golding was writing about a religious concept, we suspect more relevant to the mayhem that occurred at this C of E school in Liverpool than any glib sociological generalization. Children will run wild, viciously wild, unless they are properly supervised. They need parents to give them a stable and ordered home. They need teachers who know how to keep order as well as how to impart knowledge. They need, God help them, practical instruction in the difference between right and wrong. Here was a rhetoric established and developed which was to re-emerge throughout the next decade, particularly following the murder of James Bulger. It invoked Golding’s construct of anarchy inherent in children left to themselves. Thesis – Fallacies and Immoralities Golding seems in many ways to simplify Lord of the Flies in order to make his point as clearly as possible. For example, all developments in the book are entirely predictable, suggesting not only that the course taken by Golding’s boys is inevitable, but that violence and brutality are inevitable in all interactions among human beings. Moreover, though Golding’s carefully constructed book includes a fairly complex network of literary symbols and devices, all of them tend directly to support the central message. For example, the apparent deus ex machina ending of the book is undercut by the facts that the British are still at war and the adults who arrive to restore order are themselves engaged in a mission of destruction the motivation of which is not fundamentally different from that of the savage hunting frenzies of Jack and his tribe of boys. This parallel presumably suggests that the supposedly â€Å"civilized† adults are really as savage as the primitivized boys, though it could also be taken as a suggestion that the training received by Jack and his â€Å"choir† in military school had already been sufficient to inculcate them with the kind of militaristic values that have led civilization to a cataclysmic war. Indeed, despite the apparent clarity of its message, Golding’s fable is flawed on several accounts. For one thing, this island society could never really represent a new start for humanity because it is all male and therefore incapable of perpetuating itself. For another, the boys on the island are not really innocent; they have already been thoroughly socialized by the same society that seems to be destroying itself through warfare. Still, in some ways Lord of the Flies is an exemplary dystopian fiction. In it Golding creates a fictional society distant from the â€Å"real† world, then utilizes the defamiliarizing perspective of that distance to comment upon the shortcomings of our own social reality. However, whereas most dystopian fictions are designed to function as cautionary tales that warn against the development of specific social and political problems, Golding suggests that all human societies are inevitably doomed by the darkness at the heart of humanity itself. Golding’s book thus lacks the drive toward positive social and political change that informs the best dystopian fictions. If there is a cautionary element in the book, it would seem to involve a hope that were humans aware of their natural tendencies toward violence they might stand a better chance of keeping those tendencies in check. In this respect, it is important to note that Lord of the Flies really makes two major points. First, and more obvious, is the suggestion that human nature lies at the root of most of the ills that plague society. But the book also suggests that society itself is based on an attempt to deny this fact, thus making matters even worse. Although many critics have complained about the gimmick at the end of the novel — the boys are saved; the officer doesn’t â€Å"understand† the violence which has occurred — it is justified because it is another â€Å"appearance.† The officer allows his â€Å"eyes to rest on the trim cruiser in the distance,† but we doubt that he can see it or the water with full knowledge. Lord of the Flies is therefore a novel of faulty vision. Can the boys ever see the elements? Are the elements really there? Is a marriage between elements and consciousness possible? The novel is not about Evil, Innocence, or Free Will; it goes beyond (or under) these abstractions by questioning the very ability to formulate them. Look at any crucial scene. There is an abundance of descriptive details — the elements are â€Å"exaggerated† because they are all that the boys possess — but these details are blurred in one way or another. The result is, paradoxically, a confusing clarity. (Even the â€Å"solid† words the boys use are illusive: Piggy says â€Å"ass-mar† for asthma; Sam and Eric call themselves one name, â€Å"Sam ‘n Eric.†) Here is the first vision of the dead man in the tree: In front of them, only three or four yards away, was a rock-like hump where no rock should be. Ralph could hear a tiny chattering noise coming from somewhere–perhaps from his own mouth. He bound himself together with his will, fused his fear and loathing into a hatred, and stood up. He took two leaden steps forward. Behind them the sliver of moon had drawn clear of the horizon. Before them, something like a great ape was sitting asleep with its head between its knees. Then the wind roared in the forest, there was confusion in the darkness and the creature lifted its head, holding towards them the ruin of a face. Conclusion Golding gives us the short distance, the hulking object. Ralph (and the others) should be able to see. But he cannot. Although he â€Å"binds† himself — becoming more stable — he does not know where the noise comes from or what the â€Å"no-rock† is. His senses cannot rule the elements. He, like the lifted face, is a ruin. V. S. Pritchett claims that Lord of the Flies indicates â€Å"Golding’s desire to catch the sensation of things coming into us.† On the contrary, it indicates his need to tell us that â€Å"out there† and â€Å"in here† never marry — not even on an enchanted island. We should not forget that the Lord of the Flies may be only a skull — an object given miraculous life because of faulty vision. It is precisely because of this misguided literary piece and its possibility to lead school children astray with its vague philosophies. Works Cited Carey John, ed. William Golding: the Man and His Books. New York: Farrar, Straus Giroux, 1987. Devkota Padma Prasad. â€Å"The Darkness Motif in the ‘Primitive’ Novels of William Golding.† DAI 51 ( 1990): 860A. Monteith Charles. â€Å"Strangers from Within into ‘Lord of the Flies.'† ( London) Times Literary Supplement ( September 19, 1986): 1030. Tanzman Leo. â€Å"The Murder of Simon in Golding’s Lord of the Flies.† Notes on Contemporary Literature ( Nov. 1987): 2-3. Watson George. â€Å"The Coronation of Realism.† The Georgia Review (Spring 1987): 5-16. Golding William. Lord of the Flies. New York: Coward-McCann, 1962. How to cite ‘Lord of the flies’ – take it out of the classroom, Essay examples

Brutus vs. Antony Essay Example For Students

Brutus vs. Antony Essay Brutus and Antony both produce different tactics to sway the peoplesopinions about Caesar. Both men present different points about Casaer and hisrule in Rome. Brutus basis for his speech is presenting an explanation of whyhe planned and participated in Caesars execution. Antony uses a tactic ofbrainwashing by telling the crowd that he is there to bury Casaer not to praisehim. Both men are successful, yet Antony holds the upper hand by speaking afterCasaer. Brutus opens his speech asking the people believe his honor and respect it. He tells the crowd he loved Caesar as much as any of his listeners. His ultimateexplanation, which seems very good is, Not that I loved Caesar less, But thatI loved Rome more. He appeals to the crowd by asking them if they all wish tobe bondmen or noble Romans. He pauses for a response and the people say thereare none that wish to be slaves. Brutus appeals to the peoples lives and howthey wish to live them. He tells the crowd that he helped to kill Caesar for thepeople and their well being. He is actually giving a noble speech and it seemswell put together. Antony opens his speech by saying, I am here to bury Caesar, not topraise him. He brainwashes the crowd with this line by getting them to thinkhe does not care about Caesars death. For he is on Brutus side now. TheBasis of his speech is on the Ambition of Casaer. He appeals that he had verylittle ambition. He says that Caesar brought home many captives for money and heasks if this is ambition. He follows this by saying, But Brutus says he wasambitious, and Brutus is an honorable man. He repeats this phrase four timesthroughout his speech. This puts emphasis in the peoples belief that Antonyis on Brutus side. Then Antony asks the people if they, all did love himonce, why do they not mourn for him now. Making them question themselvesabout their faith. He then tells them his heart is in the coffin with Caesar andhe must pause. This shows the crowd he loves Caesar and truly misses him. Whenhe returns to speaking he talks of how he should do Caesar and Cassius wrong. Hesays he will not be cause they are honorable men. By repeating this throughoutthe speech he puts the impression in the peoples minds that Brutus and Cassiushave brainwashed Antony and maybe they really are not honorable men. Finally heputs the crowd into the palm of his hand by telling them Caesar has a will forthem that includes money. This is what captures them to Antonys side. Thecrowd then wants to find Brutus and his followers and kill them. Brutus gives the crowd a straightforward explanation, of why they killedCaesar. He tries to show them that it is in their own interest and they shouldbe thankful. For they are not slaves. Antony plays of Brutus speech whenBrutus states that Caesar had ambition. He brainwashes the crowd in the end ofhis speech by showing sorrow and ultimately pausing because he says his heart isin the coffin with Caesar. When Antony brings up the part about the will thisgets them were he wants them. Antony plays a role of being innocent. He showsthe crowd he has changed to Brutus side yet he hurts on the inside. Brutusstuck to being truthful, as Antony played of Brutus speech and used tacticsof brainwashing his listeners. Ultimately it worked, and what a clever idea itwas. .uc46baf8dd518af6949006ec58fb14812 , .uc46baf8dd518af6949006ec58fb14812 .postImageUrl , .uc46baf8dd518af6949006ec58fb14812 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc46baf8dd518af6949006ec58fb14812 , .uc46baf8dd518af6949006ec58fb14812:hover , .uc46baf8dd518af6949006ec58fb14812:visited , .uc46baf8dd518af6949006ec58fb14812:active { border:0!important; } .uc46baf8dd518af6949006ec58fb14812 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc46baf8dd518af6949006ec58fb14812 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc46baf8dd518af6949006ec58fb14812:active , .uc46baf8dd518af6949006ec58fb14812:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc46baf8dd518af6949006ec58fb14812 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc46baf8dd518af6949006ec58fb14812 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc46baf8dd518af6949006ec58fb14812 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc46baf8dd518af6949006ec58fb14812 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc46baf8dd518af6949006ec58fb14812:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc46baf8dd518af6949006ec58fb14812 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc46baf8dd518af6949006ec58fb14812 .uc46baf8dd518af6949006ec58fb14812-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc46baf8dd518af6949006ec58fb14812:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Issues - AIDS and HIV Ar EssayCategory: English

Alternative Medicine Essays (2087 words) - Alternative Medicine

Alternative Medicine Alternative Medicine by Joe Grodjesk Sociology Of Medicine Professor Buban May 5, 2001 Alternative Medicine Throughout recorded history, people of various cultures have relied on what Western medical practitioners today call alternative medicine. The term alternative medicine covers a broad range of healing philosophies, approaches, and therapies. It generally describes those treatments and health care practices that are outside mainstream Western health care. People use these treatments and therapies in a variety of ways. Alternative therapies used alone are often referred to as alternative; when used in combination with other alternative therapies, or in addition to conventional therapies they are referred to as complementary. Some therapies are far outside the realm of accepted Western medical theory and practice, but some, like chiropractic treatments, are now established in mainstream medicine. Worldwide, only an estimated ten to thirty percent of human health care is delivered by conventional, biomedically-oriented practitioners (Fields of Practice). The remaining seventy to ninety percent ranges from self-care according to folk principles, to care given in an organized health care system based on alternative therapies (Fields of Practice). Many cultures have folk medicine traditions that include the use of plants and plant products. In ancient cultures, people methodically collected information on herbs and developed well-defined herbal pharmacopoeias. Indeed, well into the twentieth century much of the pharmacology of scientific medicine was derived from the herbal lore of native peoples. Many drugs commonly used today are of herbal origin: one-quarter of the prescription drugs dispensed by community pharmacies in the United States contain at least one active ingredient derived from plant material (Fields of Practice). Twenty years ago, few physicians would have advised patients to take folic acid to prevent birth defects, vitamin E to promote a healthy heart, or vitamin C to bolster their immune systems. Yet today, doctor and patient alike know of the lifesaving benefits of these vitamins. Twenty years ago, acupuncture, guided imagery, and therapeutic touch were considered outright quackery. Now, however, in clinics and hospitals around the country, non-traditional therapies are gaining wider acceptance as testimonials and studies report success using them to treat such chronic maladies as back pain and arthritis. The number of people availing themselves of these alternative therapies is staggering. In 1991 about twenty-one million Americans made four hundred and twenty-five million visits to practitioners of these types of alternative medicine; more than the estimated three hundred and eighty-eight million visits made to general practitioners that year (Apostolides). The U.S. Department of Education has accredited more than twenty acupuncture schools and more than thirty medical schools now offer courses in acupuncture (Lombardo; Smith). As the number of Western medical institutions researching alternative therapies increases, the legitimacy of at least some alternative therapies will also increase. Does all this recent medical establishment attention mean that the non-conventional therapies really work? Critics say a definitive scientific answer must await well-designed experiments involving many patients. Up to now, most of the studies have relied on personal observation and anecdotal testimony from satisfied patients. The official position of the American Medical Association (A.M.A.)--alternative medicine's chief critic--is that a patient's improvement or recovery after alternative treatment might just as well be incidental to the action taken. This may be true for scientists and researchers, but the fact is that the people seeking alternative treatments disagree. The solution is obvious: more research needs to be conducted. Some alternative treatments, such as acupuncture and herbal medicine, have impressive histories dating back thousands of years. In America, professional and public interest in the field of alternative care has grown to such an extent that, in 1992, the U.S. government established the Office of Alternative Medicine (OAM) within the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Its mission is to speed the discovery, development, and validation of potential treatments to complement our current healthcare system. One of the OAM's first tasks was to develop a classification system for the dozens of various therapies and practices. The systems of alternative medical practice the OAM has classified so far share many common therapeutic techniques. Traditional oriental medicine and naturopathic medicine, for example, both use herbal remedies, acupuncture, and mind/body control. However, some alternative systems, such as environmental medicine and homeopathic medicine are distinct and separate. Followi ng are some the more popular alternative therapies Americans use. Acupuncture Acupuncture is an

Organizational Culture Analysis Manager at Walmart

Organizational Culture Analysis Manager at Walmart Modern globalization has affected organizational culture greatly. Nowadays, people from different countries have an opportunity to work abroad. Of course, some specific difficulties may appear. It is essential to consider the organizational structure and culture before applying to the company position as there are several factors which may affect human behavior. Speaking about organizational culture it may be defined as follows.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Culture Analysis: Manager at Walmart specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organizational culture is â€Å"the set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments† (Kinicki, Kreitner, 2006). Employees’ behavior depends on the organizational culture. Working as a manager in Walmart, I noticed the importance of the issue. Observ able Artifacts Each organizational culture consists of the following layers, observable artifacts, espoused values, and enacted values. Observable artifacts are the visible aspects of the corporate culture which may be considered by everyone who wants to get to know more about the company (Kinicki, Kreitner, 2006). As for Walmart, people are able to check the corporate vales of the company at its website which states that Walmart cares for the services offered to the customers, respects each individual, and strives for excellence. Moreover, observable artifacts of the organizational culture are the stories of success of separate people and of the particular stores. Decorations, dress and even advertising are the observable artifacts of the company. Looking at the staff it is possible to understand that the company image is rather high, and the observable artifacts are on the level. Espoused Values Espoused values are the values which â€Å"are expressed on behalf of the organizati on or attributed to an organization by its senior managers in public statements† (Khandelwal, Mohendra, 2010) but they are distinct from the really practiced ones. One of the main purposes of such values is to create a specific image of the company, still, without the intention to realize the mentioned facilities in practice. There are may be a lot of reasons why companies refer to such strategies. Speaking about Walmart, I managed to notice the following espoused values which were not realized but which were substituted with the specific practices. Thus, declaring about the company customer obsession Walmart practiced communication skills as the substitution. The place of innovation and creativity was substituted with mere innovation which is a common practice in all organization. Declaring the desire to openness and learning, the top managers of the store stressed on hardworking. Enacted Values Enacted values, contrary to espoused vales, are the norms which are practiced in the corporation in reality. Thus, it does not matter how the company wants to look like and which norms it proclaims, the enacted values are specifically the issues the company peruses (Phillips, Gully, 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Speaking about Walmart, the staff is to follow particular rules and norms of behavior, for example, the discipline is followed there greatly. The company has specific corporate traditions, such as celebration of the employee’s birthdays and particular attention to the customers who have chosen the store. Therefore, it should be concluded that each company has three layers of values which may be expressed in various forms and with peculiar power. Thus, some companies may have more enacted values (such as Walmart) and others may refer more to the espoused ones. Reference List Khandelwal, K. A., Mohendra, N. (2010). Espo used organizational values, vision, and corporate social responsibility: Does it Matter to organizational members? Vikalpa, 35(3), 19-37. Kinicki, A., Kreitner, R. (2006). Organizational Behavior: Key Concepts, Skills Best Practices, 4/e. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Phillips, J. M., Gully, S. M. (2011). Organizational Behavior: Tools for Success. Stamford: Cengage Learning.

Caves Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Caves - Assignment Example Even when getting inside a cave on foot, it’s not always safe. For example, de Villa Luz cave in Mexico which has a white-colored water inside, is full of unhealthy gases, specifically hydrogen sulfide which only bats, which live very up, near the cave’s ceiling can survive. Even when getting inside a quite safe cave, it seems to be a great danger. As well as the most of Earth surface, caves are made from rocks, particularly from a limestone. Limestone can be deformed, mostly by flowing water, but still it’s a hard rock and cave visitors can crash themselves, or damage the equipment. Maybe risk worth it, when discovering new wonderful places and filming a documentary program to show to other people, but it’s odd to see how people risk their lives for a delicious soup. Yet there are caves in Asia, where birds named cave swiftlets live. They build nests, and people risk their lives to get those nests and use for a specific soup cooking. Except birds, caves are highly populated with insects. The cave food chain generally, looks very disgusting. For example, there are caves in Mexico with cave’s floor almost made of beats. Those beats feed by eating bats’ excrements, or simply by eating dead bats. Another disgusting example can be found in Waitomo caves. Those caves look very beautiful when taking a panorama view. It’s dark there and millions of glowing dots are shining in darkness, like it’s a starry night. Yet in fact, they are glowing worms that do the shining. From their slim they make nets, generally looking like draperies. It’s a worms’ way to catch a food, primary insects. Remarkably, how beautiful those draperies look from a distant view and how disgusting they are when looking closely. Yet not all cave creatures are so disgusting. There are beautiful crabs, angel fishes and blind salamanders which live

Paper on Drug Courts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paper on Drug Courts - Essay Example However, effectiveness of this decision in fighting the growing crime rates left much to be desired. Prison overcrowding and abnormal growth of expenditures needed to enforce the new legislation were the most noticeable outcomes of the attempts to fight drug crimes within the framework of existing criminal system (USDJ, 1995). Drug courts were taken up as an alternative to resolve the problem of growing drug-related crime rates and decrease the expenditures to acceptable level. Although opinions on what constitutes a drug court may vary, the most typical definition of drug courts describes them as: "Courts specifically designated to administer cases referred for judicially supervised drug treatment and rehabilitation within a jurisdiction or court-enforced drug treatment program." (Inciardi, 1996: 25). The history of drug courts goes back to 1989 when the first drug court was established in the Dade County (Miami, FL). Since those days, drug courts have established a substantial presence in the criminal court system of the U.S. While the criminal court systems is concerned with law enforcement based primarily upon penalties, drug courts represent the coordinated efforts of several institutions. The prosecution, defense bar, law enforcement, judiciary, probation, mental health, social and nursing institutions join together in the drug court to fight the cycle of drug-related crime and substance abuse. High effectiveness of drug courts in fighting this segment of crimes is due to a specific approach that differs from the one implemented by criminal courts. The U.S. drug courts do not stick to the same model. Some of them simply facilitate and foster the process of shuffling offenders through the traditional criminal justice system; others pay more attention to rehabilitation, treatment and long-term monitoring of individuals. The key elements that define efficiency of a drug court are partnership and intensive cooperation of multiple agencies and institutions, early actions to prevent re-offending, education, close monitoring of the offenders, consistent and on-going judicial involvement and effective assessment/evaluation procedures in place (DCSC, 1997). Drug courts featuring all of these components are the most effective and vice versa. Philosophy of the drug court system implies that appropriate treatment and education is more effective tool to fight drug-related crimes than penalties and punishment. Therefore, offenders whose cases are brought to the drug court undergo an intensive course of substance abuse and psychological treatment. Frequent drug testing and probation supervision coupled with close judicial monitoring carried out by a judge with deep knowledge of drug-related issues reinforces the treatment results. Besides, some drug courts utilize additional techniques - such as family counseling or job skill training - to make this reinforcement even more effective (Fox and Huddleston, 2003). Drug court is the best instrument within the criminal justice system to shorten the period between arrest of the offender and beginning of his treatment and ensure the appropriate structure to evaluate whether the treatment long enough to achieve the targeted outcomes or no. Effectiveness of dr

User authentication

User authentication Introduction I was appointed as the new Network Manager for Philadelphia Inc. It is a large multinational organisation which has an extensive network of PCs comprising more than 1000 systems. This organisation relies heavily on its vast network for its day to day operation. Any potential risks need to be identified and minimised as far as possible. Recently a large number of PCs were affected by a virus, causing a work stoppage among the administration and accounting department. Following this incident of large scale virus infection, the company management has decided to completely review all the computer security precautions and procedures in use within the organisation. So, I have been designed to ensure that I can identify potential threats to the security of the organisation’s network and formulate appropriate action plans and security policies to minimise the risks. Research and document the various aspects of network security that need to be addressed including each of the following topics: Access control User authentication Firewalls Virus protection Accessing the Internet (15 Marks) I’m research and document the various aspects of network security that need to be addressed. Access control Access control is the methods for imposing controls that allow or deny user access to network resources, usually based on a user’s account or a group to which the user belongs. Access control is security features that determine which resources users are permitted to access, what type of access they are allowed, and how many simultaneous users can access a resource at the same time. They ensure data privacy and protection and help maintain a productive computing environment. User authentication User authentication is a security feature that allows an administrator to control who has access to the network and what users can do after they are logged on to the network. This might involve confirming the identity of a person, the origins of an object, or assuring that a computer program is a trusted one. Authentication is the process of determining the identity of a network user by verifying a set of user credentials, typically a user ID and password. Firewalls A firewall is a combination of hardware and software components that provide a protective barrier between networks with different security levels. Rules for transmitting and receiving information to and from the other network can be established for the firewall so that specific types of items or addresses are not allowed to pass between the networks. It sits between the computer and the rest of the network, and according to some criteria, it decides which communication to allow, and which communication to block. Firewalls protect a computer or network from unauthorised access and attacks designed to cripple network or computer performance. Moreover, it is also a device or set of devices configured to permit, deny, encrypt, decrypt, or proxy all computer traffic between different security domains based upon a set of rules and other criteria. Virus protection Virus protection means securing data from viruses that is designed to destroy data or make the computer or network operate inefficiently. Computer viruses are the programs that must be triggered or executed before they can infect the computer system and spread to others. Viruses can then be spread by sharing infected files on a network drive, portable drive, or other media, by exchanging infected files over the internet via e-mail attachments, or by downloading debatable files from the internet. Accessing the internet Accessing the internet is the telephone communication system that also covers the world linking telephones together. As with the telephone system, each device attached to the network can be reached through a unique code that represents that device’s location. The telephone system access and services are supplied to phone users by an array of competing local, long-distance, and wireless telephone companies, access to the internet is also supplied through a number of access and hosting companies using an array of different connectivity methods. A user in your company calls to report that she’s unable to log on to email. You respond with a couple of quick questions. Because you know that no one else is using the network right now, you cannot determine if the problem is unique to her machine or if the problem affects the entire network. Probing further, you also learn that she’s unable to print. You decide this problem is probably easier to troubleshoot from the user’s computer. Using the structured troubleshooting method, outline the things you must check and the questions you must ask when you arrive at the user’s office. Based on the possible responses to your questions, describe the actions you will take to correct the potential causes. (10 Marks) One of the users in our company reports me that she’s unable to log on to her email account. So, I asked her some questions- How long the duration of your user account? Do you sure the log on user name and password is correct. When it starts to unable to log on to your email? After I arrive at the user department, I check her computer and network. I also learn that she’s unable to print to a network printer. Probing some of the check, other users of this department can able to log on to their email account and can able to print. Therefore, I ask her a couple of quick questions again- What has changed since the last time you worked? Have you installed anything on your own? Are there applications on your computer that arent on other computers? Firstly, I check the power is plugged in, the Caps lock is on, all the cables are attached and network permissions for her computer. Then I check that she can get a connection online or not by browsing Google website and I see there is no connection online. So, I check the Ethernet cable and connection setting. In checking her problem, I document that what I do, so I can undo it if I need to. I use Ping to check the computer can contact an IP address of another PC or not. (Ping is the simplest and most useful diagnostic tool to become familiar with and well worth a few minutes experimentation.) The reply message is â€Å"Request timed out†. It is because of the connection or routing error. Then I restart the computer because 90% of all problems disappear when the computer is restart. To check the router, I Ping the local router, and it fails. So, the problem of the local LAN or the router is sure. Then, I find the router and switch to check the LED display. And I think they ar e not normal, so I switch the unit OFF, remove and immediately replace the power connection, then switch the unit ON. After it has done, I go back to the computer and retry to Ping the local router. I have successfully sent a message to the local router and receive a response. Then, I check the computer can get a connection online or not, and can able to browse the website or not. Then I see the computer successfully get a connection online. So, I check the email account can be able to log on or not and the printer can be able to print or not. Then I see the problems of the user are successfully solved. Task 3 Produce a Security Review report, which details the specific threats to network security for ALL of the topics identified in Task 1, namely Access Control, User Authentication, Firewalls, Virus Protection, and Accessing the Internet, along with your proposed solutions aimed at reducing the risks associated with each threat. (35 Marks) Access Control Access control can identify the users, and verify their identity through an authentication process so they can be held responsible for their actions. Good access control systems record and timestamp all communications and transactions so that access to systems and information can be audited later. The primary objective of access control is to preserve and protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information, systems, and resources. I use role-based access control and rule-based access control to identify the user. Role-based access control systems allow users to access systems and information based on their role within the organisation. It allows end-users access to information and resources based on their role within the organisation. Roles based access can be applied to groups of people or individuals. Rule-based access control systems allow users to access systems and information based on pre-determined and configured rules. Rules can be established that allow access to all end-users coming from a particular domain, host, network, or IP addresses. User Authentication User authentication is an important aspect of network computer security. For network computer, harm can be caused by hacking, malicious messages, viruses, malwares, adwares, email attachments, downloading illegal materials and many other types of activity. Moreover, the secret information of the company can be stolen by the attacker using spywares and Trojan horses. User authentication will reduce this harm by limiting individual’s access to a few systems, rather than the whole Internet. Network operating systems include tools that enable administrators to specify a number of options and restrictions on how and when users can log on to the network. There are options for password complexity requirements, logon hours, logon locations, and remote logons, among others. After a user is logged on, file system access controls and user permission settings determine what a user can access on a network and what actions a user can perform on the network. So I specify the numbers of options and policies for user authentication. I specify that the password is required for all users of the company, to use the company’s computer. The user password length must be typically a minimum of five to eight characters and user passwords must have three of these four characteristics: lowercase letters (such as abc), uppercase letters (such as ABC), numbers (such as 123), and special characters (such as [emailprotected]#). And I specify the policy that can lock the user account to prevent from logging on, when a user enters an incorrect password five times. According to the user account and password, I control which user can access to the network and what he/she can do on the network. Firewalls Firewalls protect against outside attempts to access unauthorized resources, and they protect against malicious network packets intended to disable or cripple a corporate network and its resources. Second use of firewalls placed between the internet and the corporate network is to restrict corporate user access to internet resources. Firewalls can identify and block remote access Trojans (Trojan horse). Trojan horse is a program that purports to be a useful software tool, but it actually performs unintended (and often unauthorized) actions or installs malicious or damaging software behind the scenes when launched. Sometimes get some program via ICQ or via IRC and believe this program to be something good, while in fact running it will do something less nice to the computer. Such program is called Trojan horses. The difference of a Trojan and a virus is that a virus has the ability to self-replicate and to distribute itself, while a Trojan lacks this ability. A special type of Trojan is Remote Access Trojans (RAT). These Trojans once executed in the victim’s computer, start to listen to incoming communication from a remote matching program that the attacker uses. When they get instructions from the remote program, they act accordingly, and thus let the user of the remote program to execute commands on the v ictim’s computer. Firewalls can identify and block remote communication efforts to the more common RAT and by thus blocking the attacker, and identifying the RAT. There are many other types of Trojan horses which may try to communicate with the outside from the computer. Whether they are e-mail worms trying to distribute themselves using their own SMTP engine, or they might be password stealers, or anything else. Many of them can be identified and blocked by a firewall. So, I run the firewall on the server and all the desktop computers to protect Trojans, malware, and to prevent users from accessing offensive Websites or bandwidth-intensive content that might not be the best use of an employee’s time or the network’s bandwidth. Firewall devices from different vendors vary quite a bit in configuration details, but they are all based on one premise: Rules are created to determine what type of traffic is allowed to enter and exit the network. To configure a firewall, I build rules that allow only certain packets to enter or exit the network. The firewall can examine all incoming packets and discard packets with a destination address of the network’s restricted segment. Virus Protection In internet-connected networks, virus attacks are a regular threat. Users download programs, bring disks from home, memory sticks, and open e-mail attachments are normal computing activities, but they can also bring viruses into the network. A virus is a program that spreads by copying itself into other programs or documents. Computer virus can attack computer systems and perform a variety of functions ranging from annoying to dangerous. Its individual purpose is to disrupt computer or network operation by deleting or corrupting files, formatting disks, or using large amounts of computer resources. If a server file accessed by other users on the network is infected, the virus can spread through the network in a matter of seconds. To protect the spread of viruses, one of the most effective ways is to buy virus-protection software from a reputable source. Antivirus software is program that can scan and remove known viruses which have contracted. Most antivirus software is also designed to detect and prevent worms and viruses. The software can also be set to automatically scan disks when inserted into the disk drive, scan files when downloaded from the Internet, or scan e-mail when received. However antivirus software is available in many commercial and open source versions, the license-version of the antivirus software from reputable source is more secure and reliable than others. So, I run the standard antivirus software from reputable source in server and every desktop computer, and turn-on the scanning features. But by running antivirus software can only protect against viruses that it knows about. Therefore, virus definition files (update files) for antivirus software are needed to download from the internet daily or weekly. To get the maximum protection against viruses on the computer, make sure to keep antivirus definition files current. Another way to protect the data from virus infection is â€Å"backup the files† which helps to recover the data if the original files infected by the virus. Accessing the Internet The internet access is the essential thing to communicate between internal or external organisation for many purposes. Thousands of companies have discovered the pervasive power of the Web in distributing information, selling products, supporting customer service, and staying in touch with clients and customers. By using the internet, we can get important business information which is necessary for competition and improvement of the company. However the internet is useful for us, but also the internet attack can harm the business. The internet attacks are organised and designed to steal information and resources from the customers and the organisation. Input validation attacks using the Common Gateway Interface (CGI), Active Server Pages (ASP), and Cold Fusion Markup Language (CFML) programs stem from either a web developer or vendor failure. The basic problem happens from the lack of sanitizing the input to a particular script. Without input validation and sanitizing, it is possible for attackers to submit a particular character, along with a local command, as a parameter and have the web server execute it locally. Sometimes, the virtual website of the attackers steals user information and user’s credit card details. If all kinds user can get permission to access the network, the private information of the organisation can be stolen by the attacker using the internet. So that I control the user access to the network resources by using access control and identifying the user account to verify the network permission for the user. Task 4 Create a set of Acceptable Use Policies for each of the following: Accessing the WWW Email Usage Instant Messengers and chat rooms Each of these documents should provide a set of guidelines for users which will minimise any associated security threats. (30 Marks) To minimise any potential risks and associated security threats of the organisation’s network, all the staff of the company should agree the following policies for accessing the World Wide Web, email usage, instant messengers, and chat rooms. All the staff has responsibility to use the resources in an efficient, effective, ethical and lawful manner. In our organisation, access to the internet is available for the staffs to support informational, educational and communicable. So, staffs should agree the following internet access policies. Policies for accessing the WWW The use of Internet is strongly restricted to official company business†. Personal use or time spent for personal gain is strictly prohibited. Authorisation for Internet access must be obtained through your supervisor. Once authorisation is approved you are responsible for the security of your account password and you will be held responsible for all use or misuse of your account. You must maintain secure passwords and never use an account assigned to another user. Staffs are strongly prohibited to accessing internet websites that contain obscene, hateful, pornographic, politics or otherwise illegal material. Never copy or transfer electronic files without permission. Prohibit copying and sending any confidential or proprietary information, or software that is protected by copyright and other laws protecting intellectual property. Downloading a file or application from the Internet can bring viruses with it. Should be scan all downloaded files with standard virus prevention software before being saved on the company’s network. All downloaded applications must be accepted by the company’s IT administrator or company owner before being installed on the company’s network. Hacking into unauthorised areas and other employee’s computers are strictly prohibited. Confidential information is not to be transmitted over the internet without proper encryption. Introducing any form of computer virus or malicious software into the corporate network is strictly prohibited. Email usage policy Email is to be used for company business only. Company confidential information must not be shared outside of the Company without authorisation, at any time. When conducting company’s business, only use the company’s official email account for staff such as [emailprotected] Staffs are not to conduct personal business using the Company computer or email. All messages must show the genuine sender information (from where and from whom the message originated). The representation of yourself as someone else, real or fictional, or a message sent anonymously is prohibited. Emails for the purposes that violate company status or regulations, or for an illegal or criminal purpose may not be sent or forwarded through a company’s network. Management has the right to access all e-mail files created, received, or stored on company systems and such files can be accessed without prior notification. Email attachments can bring viruses, you should scan for virus after and before downloading the attachments with standard virus prevention software. Do not open any e-mail attachments if you do not recognize the sender. Forwarding of company confidential messages to external locations is strongly prohibited. Introducing any form of computer virus or malicious software into the corporate network is strictly prohibited. Policies for instant messengers and chat rooms Chats, also known as Internet Relay Chat (IRC), as well as Instant Messaging (IM), are very popular modes of quickly communicating with others. In using these IRC and IM, staffs should agree the following policies. These policies provide staffs with effective and consistent instant messaging (IM) use and content standards. Staffs are prohibited from downloading and using personal instant messenger software such as MSN or Yahoo to transmit messages via the public internet. All IM communications and information transmitted, received, or archived in the companys IM system belong to the company. The instant messaging and chatting system is intended for business use only. Staffs are prohibited from wasting computer resources, colleague’s time, or their own time by sending personal instant messages or engaging in unnecessary chat related to business. Treat messages as business records that may be retained and used as evidence in litigation, audits, and investigations. Always use professional and appropriate language in all instant messages. Staffs are prohibited from sending abusive, harassing, threatening, menacing, discriminatory, disrespectful, or otherwise offensive instant messages. Staffs may not use instant messengers and chat rooms to transmit confidential, proprietary, personal, or potentially embarrassing information about the company, employees, clients, business associates, or other third parties. Introducing any form of computer virus or malicious software into the corporate network is strictly prohibited. Task 5 Prepare and deliver a short presentation to your tutor using a presentation package like Power Point which summarises the major points in your Security Report and your proposed Acceptable Usage policies. (10 Marks) I prepare and deliver a short presentation to the tutor using a Power Point presentation which summarises the major points in my Security Report and my proposed Acceptable Usage policies. Network computerised system can contain various potential threats. To minise that risks, network security is required. In this presentation, I want to talk about five topics to configure network security Access Control User Authentication Firewalls Virus Protection Accessing the Internet Access control can control the user account and identify the user. It can verify user identity through an authentication process so users can be held responsible for their actions. Primary objective of access control is to preserve and protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information, systems, and resources. I use role-based access control and rule-based access control to identify the user. Role-based access control systems allow users to access systems and information based on their role within the organisation. Roles based access can be applied to groups of people or individuals. Rule-based access control systems allow users to access systems and information based on pre-determined and configured rules. Rules can be established that allow access to all end-users coming from a particular domain, host, network, or IP addresses. User authentication can determine the identity of a network user. For network computer, harm can be caused by hacking, malicious messages, viruses, malwares, adwares, email attachments, downloading illegal materials and many other types of activity. User authentication can reduce this harm by limiting individual’s access to a few systems, rather than the whole internet. Network administrator can control user log on and specify user permission on the network. So, I configure some options and policies for user authentication. I specify that the password is required for all users of the company, to use the company’s computer. The user password length must be typically a minimum of five to eight characters and user passwords must have three of these four characteristics: lowercase letters (such as abc), uppercase letters (such as ABC), numbers (such as 123), and special characters (such as [emailprotected]#). And I specify the policy that can lock the user account to prevent from logging on, when a user enters an incorrect password five times. According to the user account and password, I control which user can access to the network and what he/she can do on the network. Firewalls protect against outside attempts to access unauthorised resources, and they protect against malicious network packets intended to disable or cripple a corporate network and its resources. And also use to restrict corporate user access to inter resources. Firewalls can identify and block remote access Trojans (Trojan horse). Network administrator can configure the rules for what type of traffic is allowed to enter and exit the network. The firewall can examine all incoming packets and discard packets. In internet-connected networks, virus attacks are a regular threat. Users download programs, bring disks from home, memory sticks, and open e-mail attachments are normal computing activities, but they can also bring viruses into the network. To protect the spread of viruses, one of the most effective ways is to buy virus-protection software from a reputable source. Antivirus software is program that can scan and remove known viruses which have contracted. Most antivirus software is also designed to detect and prevent worms and viruses. The software can also be set to automatically scan disks when inserted into the disk drive, scan files when downloaded from the Internet, or scan e-mail when received. But by running antivirus software can only protect against viruses that it knows about. Therefore, virus definition files (update files) for antivirus software are needed to download from the internet daily or weekly. To get the maximum protection against viruses on the computer, make su re to keep antivirus definition files current. Another way to protect the data from virus infection is â€Å"backup the files† which helps to recover the data if the original files infected by the virus. Accessing the internet is the essential thing to communicate between internal or external organisation. However the internet is useful for us, the internet attack can harm the business. The internet attacks are organised and designed to steal information and resources from the customers and the organisation. If all kinds user can get permission to access the network, the private information of the organisation can be stolen by the attacker using the internet. So that I control the user access to the network resources by using access control and identifying the user account to verify the network permission for the user. To minimise any potential risks and associated security threats of the organisation’s network, all the staff of the company should agree the policies for accessing the World Wide Web, email usage, instant messengers, and chat rooms. All the staff has responsibility to use the resources in an efficient, effective, ethical and lawful manner. Reference Web Reference www.en.wikepedia.org www.businesslink.gov.uk www.3w.net www.answer.com www.procompgroup.com http://humanresources.about.com http://netsecurity.about.com http://answers.yahoo.com www.zytrax.com www.windowsnetworking.com www.cryer.co.uk Book Reference Title: Guide to Networking Essentials (Fifth Edition) Author Name: Greg Tomsho, Ed Tittel, David Johnson Access date time: 13 July 2009, 6:30 pm Title: Fundamentals of Hardware and Operating Systems (Operating System Technologies) A+ Fifth Edition Author Name: Charles J.Brooks Access date time: 15 July 2009, 5:00 pm Title: Fundamentals of Hardware and Operating Systems (Software Service Technicians) A+ Fifth Edition Author Name: Charles J.Brooks Access date time: 16 July 2009, 7:00 pm

Facilitate the Counselling Process Essay

DECLARATION I declare that this assessment is my own work, based on my own personal research/study . I also declare that this assessment, nor parts of it, has not been previously submitted for any other unit/module or course, and that I have not copied in part or whole or otherwise plagiarised the work of another student and/or persons. I have read the ACAP Student Plagiarism and Academic Misconduct Policy and understand its implications. I also declare, if this is a practical skills assessment, that a Client/Interviewee Consent Form has been read and signed by both parties, and where applicable parental consent has been obtained. Part 1. 1. Briefly describe how you could support Vara to work with her uncertainty and difficulties about making the right choices for her future. As Vara’s counsellor I think I could support Vara by helping her find a bit more clarity in her life. She seems to be at a point in her life when she wants to implement some changes, but she is still somewhat unsure of what she wants. I would start with open and respectful questions, giving Vara an opportunity to think further afield than her current situation. As Vara is still somewhat unsure of her goals, I would use a broad approach to explore some of Vara’s resistances and past experiences. So that she could identify what her strengths are, and the resources that she may have available to her. Once Vara has identified what some of her goals may be, I could use the SMART technique with Vara. I believe that this technique would be beneficial to Vara’s counselling, as she could then identify if the goals she has chosen are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and timely. 2. Briefly describe three interventions you could use to support Vara to gain clarity and understanding and make the appropriate changes in her life. Three interventions I could use to support Vara in gaining some understanding and clarity, to make the appropriate changes in her life are. Behavioural interventions, cognitive interventions, and interactional (systemic) interventions. I believe behavioural interventions would be beneficial for Vara. She has stated that over the years she has acted ‘the dutiful wife’ to placate her husband. Using a behavioural intervention can help Vara develop new behaviours in regards to her relationship with her husband Alec. She could role play new behaviours in counselling to gain some confidence. Cognitive interventions, deal more with the thoughts, beliefs and attitudes that Vara has towards herself and her husband Alec. Using this intervention can help Vara think differently about her current situation. Vara has stated that she is ‘fed up and wants to end the marriage’ but she is afraid to voice this to her husband, as she is worried about what his reaction may be. Vara is also experiencing feelings of anxiety in regards to how she will cope on her own. In counselling I think it would be helpful for Vara to identify her strengths, so that she can feel more confident.  Interactional (systemic) interventions deal with relationship patterns with other people, tasks or situations. Using this intervention will help Vara identify that her relationship with Alec has formed a pattern. Her role in the relationship is to placate Alec and act ‘the dutiful wife’. While Alec’s role is to be in control, he is the ‘traditional’ male and expects Vara to tend to his every need. Vara could use role play in counselling to try a different pattern of behaviour. 3. Identify and briefly describe how you could help Vara identify and use her unknown strengths. I could help Vara identify her unknown strengths, buy asking open respectful questions. During Vara’s counselling I could help her identify her past achievements. Before she married Alec and came to Australia, she worked as a teacher. This type of profession is suited to someone who has strength of character. Vara has also gone out and found herself a part time job, and is saving her money, so she is more than capable of supporting herself financially. Vara has raised three children who all seem to be doing well in their lives. Vara has the support of her two close friends, Julie and Maria. I would ask Vara to identify, when in her past she has overcome adversity, what were some of the strategies she used, that were successful in making changes. 4. Briefly describe two micro-skills you could use to clarify Vara’s feelings about her situations. Two micro-skills I would use to help Vara clarify her feelings about her situation are Reflection of feelings and reflection of content and feelings. Reflection of feelings will ensure that Vara knows, I have understood how she is feeling about her situation and that I can empathise with her. This micro-skill is useful for helping Vara gain some clarity about her feelings. For example, when Vara describes how she is feeling about ending her marriage, I could say something like this, ‘you’re feeling fed up’. Another example would be when she talks about whether she should leave her husband is, ‘you’re feeling anxious’ and ‘you’re feeling conflicted’. Reflection of content and feelings is another micro-skill I would find useful for Vara. Reflection of content and feelings is different to reflection of feelings,  as it combines paraphrasing and reflection of feelings. Again the aim of this skill is for Vara to have some clarity concerning her feelings about her situation. For example when Vara describes how she is feeling about ending her marriage, I could say something like this, ‘you’re feeling fed up with your relationship’. When Vara talks about whether she should leave her husband, I could say, ‘you’re feeling anxious about whether you will manage on your own’ and ‘you’re feeling conflicted about ending the relationship with Alec as you still love him’. Part 2. 5. Explain how will you monitor and review Vara’s and your own perceptions of the counselling process to ensure it remains of value. In regards to Vara’s resistance to take any of the steps she had decided on in earlier sessions. I would ask some open questions to determine why Vara is resistant to taking the steps she decided on. I could ask her ‘what stopped you from taking these steps’. It is more than likely that the steps Vara decided on taking may have been too ambitious for her at this time. As Vara has only had six counselling sessions, she may need to take a step back, and explore her issues a bit more. I would try to help Vara recognise that she is in control of her life and ultimately she is the best judge of her readiness to change. In regards to monitoring myself during the counselling process, I would be having regular sessions with my supervisor. This will help me identify any blind spots I may have in the counselling sessions with Vara. If I felt stuck with Vara, having a supervisor will ensure that I have access to advice from an experienced counsellor. Supervision is essential for my own wellbeing and for Vara’s as well. 6. Briefly describe how you would respond to this disruption in the counselling process. I would respond to Vara’s concerns by saying something like this, ‘although you have been seeing me for six weeks now, I am hearing that you are experiencing feelings of hopelessness and uncertainty, in regards to the effectiveness of counselling. It might be worthwhile to explore the option of seeking some other type of help’. I would not want to pressure Vara into  continuing with counselling, if she really felt that it was not helping her. I would let her know that if she ever decides to resume counselling with me, I would be more than happy to see her again.